Chiron, a unique centaur orbiting between Jupiter and Neptune, has been studied in unprecedented detail by scientists using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The findings shed light on its surface chemistry and activity, revealing insights into its formation and evolution. Led by Dr. Noemà Pinilla-Alonso of the University of Oviedo and Dr. Charles Schambeau from the University of Central Florida (UCF), the research aims to reshape our understanding of centaurs and the solar system’s early history.
Centaurs are objects with dual characteristics, straddling the line between asteroids and comets. Chiron is unique among centaurs due to its comet-like behavior and distinct surface features. The JWST study discovered that Chiron’s surface hosts carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide ice, while its coma contains methane and other gases.
The team used JWST’s advanced capabilities to study Chiron even at its farthest point from the Sun, a distance usually limiting the activity of similar objects. Unlike comets closer to the Sun, Chiron’s thinner coma offers clearer insights into its surface chemistry. The researchers found that Chiron’s dual nature makes it invaluable for studying processes in both comets and asteroids.
The JWST observations revealed the coexistence of primordial ices and newer compounds formed through surface processes. “Every active centaur we observe shows some peculiarity,” said Dr. Pinilla-Alonso, highlighting the importance of understanding these peculiarities to uncover patterns across enigmatic objects.
Chiron’s unique chemistry and activity mark a significant milestone in understanding the solar system’s origins. The study provides valuable insights into the early solar system, shedding light on processes shaping similar bodies. The findings could inform future research on centaurs and other icy bodies, opening new frontiers for exciting research.
Source: https://www.earth.com/news/2060-chiron-rare-asteroid-comet-hybrid-is-unlike-anything-seen-before