A recent paper published in the journal Archaeological Prospection has sparked debate among experts about the origins of human civilisation. The study claims that a layer of the Gunung Padang pyramid in Indonesia, dating back to 25,000 BC, was constructed by humans – a finding that challenges the conventional record of human civilisation emerging around 11,000 years ago with the advent of agriculture.
The researchers suggest that the pyramid’s core is made up of meticulously sculpted massive andesite lava, and that the oldest construction element likely originated as a natural lava hill before being sculpted and then architecturally enveloped. This discovery sheds light on advanced masonry skills dating back to the last glacial period, contradicting the notion that human civilisation developed only with the advent of agriculture.
However, not all experts are convinced. One UK archaeologist has rubbished the paper, stating that there is no clear evidence to suggest the buried layers were built by humans. Another archaeologist from Cardiff University noted that material rolling down a hill tends to orient itself and lacks signs of human activity such as charcoal or bone fragments.
Despite the controversy, the lead researcher remains open to further research and investigation, inviting international experts to conduct studies on Gunung Padang. An investigation has been launched into the paper by the journal’s co-editor.
Source: https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/worlds-oldest-pyramid-gunung-padang-2668969645