Of the over 74,000 known meteorites, only around 385 originate from Mars. Scientists have long been able to identify these Martian meteorites due to their unique composition and the presence of specific minerals. One such mineral is oxygen, which has a distinct isotopic signature on Mars.
These meteorites provide valuable insights into Mars’ geological history, including its volcanic activity. By studying the radiometric ages of these rocks, scientists can determine when they formed, revealing that some are as young as 175 million years old, while others date back to the planet’s early formation.
The Martian meteorites also contain chemical information about major events in Mars’ history. For instance, the planet underwent a violent adolescence soon after its formation, which is reflected in the rocks’ composition. This process was unlike Earth’s, where plate tectonics has stirred and homogenized the interior.
Understanding Mars’ volcanic activity is crucial for determining whether the planet could have been habitable in the past or if it may be so in the future. The study of Martian meteorites can inform future research questions and help prepare scientists to analyze samples collected by missions like NASA’s Perseverance Rover.
Specifically, the nakhlite and chassignite meteorites tell us that Mars underwent early volcanic activity and has a mantle lithosphere distinct from its crust. This information can be used to better understand the planet’s interior makeup and potential for future volcanic activity.
The study of Martian meteorites also hints at habitability on the red planet. Earth’s active geological processes, including volcanoes, are crucial for our atmosphere. If Mars has similar processes, it could be good news for the potential habitability of the planet. However, studies suggest that Mars is losing essential chemical elements since its formation, making it unlikely to resemble Earth in the future.
Source: https://theconversation.com/meteorites-from-mars-help-scientists-understand-the-red-planets-interior-231898