Scientists at the Allen Institute have made a groundbreaking discovery in understanding brain aging, identifying specific cell types that undergo major changes with age. The study, published in Nature, reveals a cellular hot spot in the hypothalamus where inflammation increases and neuronal function decreases.
Researchers used cutting-edge single-cell RNA sequencing and advanced brain-mapping tools to map over 1.2 million brain cells from young and aged mice. They found dozens of specific cell types, mostly glial cells, that undergo significant gene expression changes with age.
The study’s findings suggest a connection between diet, lifestyle factors, and brain aging. The researchers discovered that genes associated with inflammation increase in activity while those related to neuronal structure and function decrease. This points to a possible connection between the loss of efficiency in integrating signals from our environment or consumption and the aging process.
The discoveries could pave the way for future therapies to slow or manage the aging process in the brain. The study’s lead author, Kelly Jin, noted that understanding this hot spot in the hypothalamus makes it a focal point for future research.
The findings align with past studies linking aging to metabolic changes and research suggesting that intermittent fasting, balanced diet, or calorie restriction can influence lifespan. The study lays the groundwork for new strategies in diet and therapeutic approaches aimed at maintaining brain health into old age.
The researchers believe that targeting specific cell types could lead to the development of age-related therapeutics, helping to preserve function and prevent neurodegenerative disease. As scientists further explore these connections, research may unlock more specific dietary or drug interventions to combat or slow aging on a cellular level.
Source: https://phys.org/news/2024-12-key-players-brain-aging-age.html