The norovirus, known as the “Ferrari of viruses,” is experiencing a banner season, with widespread outbreaks reported across cruise ships, homes, and long-term care facilities. According to data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 91 outbreaks occurred in the first week of December 2024, surpassing the previous maximum of 65. This surge may be attributed to a new variant of the virus, unfamiliar to many people’s immune systems, as well as the resumption of cruises and other gatherings.
The norovirus thrives in cold climates, causing severe diarrhea and vomiting that typically last for only a day. However, it can remain infectious on surfaces for weeks and is notoriously resistant to disinfectants. The virus can also be spread through oysters, which concentrate the virus from contaminated water.
In wealthy countries like the US, norovirus-related mortality is low, but it kills an estimated 200,000 young children in developing world every year. The leading cause of hospitalization for diarrhea in the US is norovirus, particularly affecting young children and the elderly. Immunocompromised people can experience chronic infections that last months or even years.
A new variant of norovirus, GII.17, has been identified as a possible explanation for this winter’s surge in cases. This variant may have an edge over other GII variants due to significant mutations and reduced exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. A norovirus vaccine is likely needed, but its development has been slow due to challenges in working with the virus.
While a norovirus vaccine is unlikely to completely prevent symptoms or transmission, it might slow the spread of the virus and spare people from severe disease or even death. The vaccine would require regular boosters to maintain effectiveness.
Source: https://www.science.org/content/article/why-ferrari-viruses-surging-through-northern-hemisphere