Tardigrades, tiny eight-legged creatures often referred to as “water bears,” are incredibly resilient, capable of withstanding massive amounts of radiation that would be lethal to humans. A recent study on a newly discovered species, Hypsibius henanensis, has shed light on the molecular mechanisms behind their remarkable ability to repair DNA damage caused by high doses of gamma rays.
The research, published in Science, sequenced the genome of the tardigrade species and found that it activates a sophisticated system of defense when exposed to radiation. This system not only protects its DNA but also repairs any breaks that occur. The study’s results could inform new ways to mitigate the effects of radiation on astronauts in space and facilitate long-duration spaceflight for humans.
The scientists behind the study discovered that 2,801 genes involved in DNA repair, cell division, and immune responses became active when exposed to radiation. One of these genes, TRID1, summons a protein (called 53BP1) at sites of damage to help repair double-strand breaks in DNA. Another gene, DODA1, produces antioxidant pigments that clean up reactive chemicals caused by exposure to radiation.
The study’s findings have significant implications for space exploration and human health. With the ability to survive in extreme environments, tardigrades have colonized different biomes on Earth, including Antarctica. By understanding how these tiny creatures tolerate extreme stresses, scientists can identify ways to protect humans from the effects of long-duration spaceflight.
According to Thomas Boothby, assistant professor at the University of Wyoming, “Better understanding the unique strategies mounted by tardigrades to cope with extreme stresses will help us understand how we might safeguard humans against these stresses.” The research could pave the way for new therapies and countermeasures to mitigate the effects of radiation on astronauts in space.
Source: https://gizmodo.com/new-species-of-tardigrade-displays-superhero-like-healing-ability-2000516253