A newly formed volcanic island has emerged from the ocean in Tonga’s Home Reef, marking a significant transformation in the region. The island began to take shape in 2022 and has continued to grow since then. Satellite imagery shows fresh lava flows cooling into solid rock, providing researchers with a rare opportunity to observe the birth of new land.
Unlike past volcanic islands in this area, which have largely disappeared within months due to erosion, scientists believe that this one may survive for years. The island’s unique formation process, characterized by effusive flows that create hard, resistant material, gives it a high chance of long-term survival.
According to researchers, the island has grown significantly since its initial formation, with major eruptions occurring in September 2023, January 2024, and June 2024. The most recent volcanic outbursts added another 3.7 hectares to its surface, bringing its total size to over 15 hectares.
Satellite images taken by NASA’s Landsat 8 and 9 satellites reveal the island’s rapid transformation, showing how new lava deposits have reshaped the coastline and extended the landmass further into the sea. The surrounding ocean is discoloring due to volcanic gases being released, indicating that the island’s formation is far from over.
Scientists are monitoring the island closely, particularly for its impact on marine life. While some volcanic eruptions can stimulate growth by releasing iron-rich minerals, others can be deadly to fish and marine species. Researchers are eager to understand how the island will evolve in the coming years and whether it will establish a stable landscape, allowing the first stages of life to take hold.
The use of satellite technology has revolutionized how scientists track volcanic activity in real time, providing a safer and more comprehensive view of how these islands evolve. As the Home Reef island continues to expand, researchers remain on alert, waiting to see whether this newborn landmass will become a permanent fixture in the Pacific.
Source: https://dailygalaxy.com/2025/02/a-fiery-new-island-is-rising-from-the-ocean-and-scientists-are-watching