Scientists have found a way to test their hypothesis about detecting fossil evidence of ancient Martian microbial life. They used a laser-powered device that can detect biosignatures in sulfate minerals, potentially guiding future Mars exploration missions.
The first life on Earth formed four billion years ago. If it happened on Mars, how would we prove it? The answer lies in gypsum samples, which are similar to sulfate rocks on Mars. Gypsum has exceptional fossilization potential and can trap microorganisms before decomposition occurs.
Researchers used a miniature laser-powered mass spectrometer to analyze gypsum from Sidi Boutbal quarry, Algeria. They looked for characteristics such as morphology, chemical elements necessary for life, carbonaceous material, and minerals like clay or dolomite.
The analysis revealed long, twisting fossil filaments in the Algerian gypsum, which were previously thought to be benthic algae or cyanobacteria but are now believed to be sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. The presence of these minerals signals the presence of organic life.
While the findings support the biogenicity of the fossil filament, distinguishing true biosignatures from abiotic mineral formations remains a challenge. Further studies are needed to improve confidence in life detection and consider Mars’ unique environmental conditions.
Source: https://phys.org/news/2025-02-laser-powered-device-earth-microbial.html