The Greenland shark is considered one of the longest-living vertebrates on Earth, with an estimated lifespan of around 400 years. Scientists are now using DNA analysis to uncover the secrets behind its remarkable longevity.
Researchers in Japan discovered multiple copies of genes that may help explain why Greenland sharks rarely develop cancer. The genes, which influence the NF-κB signaling pathway, support the body’s immune system and regulate inflammation. Studies have found these genes are significantly increased in Greenland sharks compared to other shark species.
Additionally, scientists have identified altered versions of genes involved in DNA repair, including a mutation of the TP53 gene that helps suppress tumors and repair DNA. These findings suggest that the Greenland shark’s genetic mutations may play a role in its longevity.
While humans cannot live as long as Greenland sharks, studying these creatures could lead to advancements in human medicine. Understanding the genetic mechanisms behind their long lives could eventually result in new pharmaceuticals or gene therapies to promote healthy aging.
Researchers plan to continue studying Greenland sharks to learn more about their unique biology and how it relates to their longevity. The discovery of insights from the Greenland shark’s genome could have significant implications for our understanding of aging and its relationship with health.
Source: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/greenland-sharks-can-live-for-400-years-scientists-are-using-dna-to-unravel-their-longevity-secrets-180986168