Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a viral infection that primarily affects birds but can sometimes infect humans and other animals. The most concerning subtypes for human health are H5N1 and H7N9.
Human infections typically occur through direct contact with infected birds, their droppings, or contaminated surfaces. While human-to-human transmission is rare, certain mutations could potentially increase this risk.
Symptoms range from mild (fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches) to severe (pneumonia, respiratory failure, multi-organ failure). Some cases can be fatal, particularly with H5N1 and H7N9 strains. In the United States, there have been 67 confirmed human cases of H5N1 bird flu since 2022.
A pandemic could potentially lead to millions of people infected worldwide if dangerous mutations occur. Treatment options are limited, primarily involving supportive care, as specific antiviral treatments are not widely available or may be ineffective against certain strains.
To reduce the risk of infection, avoid contact with sick or dead birds, implement strong biosecurity measures for poultry, and cook poultry products thoroughly. Farmworkers in Idaho should wear protective gear.
Idaho has experienced multiple outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild and domestic bird populations. Backyard flocks have been impacted, including a confirmed case in Jerome County.
Eating poultry products is still safe if cooked to at least 165 degrees Fahrenheit. However, backyard chicken owners should practice strict biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of the virus.
Recently detected avian influenza has also affected dairy cattle in Idaho, with 34 outbreaks confirmed as of 2025. The nation’s milk supply is being tested for safety.
The state and federal agencies are working together to monitor wild and domestic bird populations, implement milk testing, and contain outbreak measures.
Source: https://www.eastidahonews.com/2025/03/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-avian-influenza