NASA astronauts Barry “Butch” Wilmore and Sunita “Suni” Williams are returning to Earth after a prolonged nine-month stay in space, breaking their original one-week mission. The extended time in microgravity has led to various health changes, including muscle mass loss, bone loss, and vision problems.
In microgravity, astronauts experience a 1-1.5% monthly decrease in mineral density, which can increase the risk of osteoporosis upon re-entry. Without proper exercise and nutrition, muscles atrophy faster than on Earth, and blood pressure shifts upwards, potentially causing eye strain.
Space radiation is another significant concern for long-duration space missions. The ISS orbits areas with trapped radiation, increasing exposure for astronauts. NASA estimates that a six-month stay can result in an average dose of 80-160 mSv, comparable to three chest X-rays or twice the annual background radiation on Earth.
Isolation and confinement have also taken a toll on the crew’s physical and mental well-being. Fatigue, stress, and sleep loss are common effects of prolonged isolation, even for astronauts carefully selected and trained for extended missions. Researchers are exploring ways to mitigate these effects, such as virtual reality relaxation techniques and engaging activities like language learning or gardening.
Upon their return, Wilmore and Williams will undergo a medical examination to readapt to Earth’s gravity and rebalance their bodily functions. Their prolonged exposure to space has raised concerns about radiation sickness and cancer risk, underscoring the need for continued research into space health.
Source: https://abcnews.go.com/US/health-impacts-9-months-space-2-nasa-astronauts/story?id=119924697