A team of researchers has directly observed the superradiant phase transition (SRPT), a phenomenon predicted over 50 years ago but thought impossible. The study, published in Science Advances, shows that under specific conditions, atoms can switch into a coordinated state without external stimulation.
The SRPT occurs when a collection of atoms interacts strongly with a shared electromagnetic field, typically within a cavity or resonator. In this scenario, the atoms begin to radiate collectively, producing an intense burst of light. The researchers found evidence of this phenomenon in a crystal containing erbium, iron, and oxygen, which was chilled to -457 degrees Fahrenheit and placed under a powerful 7-tesla magnetic field.
The team used a unique approach by coupling two distinct magnetic subsystems – the spin fluctuations of iron ions and erbium ions within the crystal. This allowed them to overcome a theoretical obstacle called the no-go theorem and observe unmistakable signs of the new phase.
The findings suggest that SRPT could revolutionize quantum sensors and computing technologies, significantly advancing their fidelity, sensitivity, and performance. The research also provides insight into novel quantum features hidden in similar crystals and offers a fresh understanding of intrinsic quantum interactions within materials.
This breakthrough demonstrates that ideas once confined to theory can become reality under the right lab conditions, opening new avenues for sensing, computing, and beyond.
Source: https://www.earth.com/news/quantum-phase-superradiant-phase-transition-srpt-observed-in-lab