Physicists have found a novel way to measure time without a precise starting point, using the shape of quantum fog itself. A study by researchers from Uppsala University in Sweden revealed that the wave-like nature of Rydberg states can be used to create unique patterns, or “fingerprints,” of time.
Rydberg atoms are tiny particles with electrons in extremely high energy states, orbiting far from their nucleus. By inducing these atoms into a Rydberg state and monitoring their changes, scientists can measure the speed of ultrafast electronics or design novel components for quantum computers.
The mathematical rule behind this process is called a Rydberg wave packet, which creates interference patterns when multiple packets are in the same space. These patterns represent unique times that evolve according to one another, allowing researchers to create a form of “quantum timestamping.”
In an experiment, physicists measured the results of laser-excited helium atoms and matched them with theoretical predictions. They found consistent and reliable results, which can serve as a new way to measure time without relying on a precise starting point.
The lead researcher, Marta Berholts, explained that this method allows for more flexible measurement, as it doesn’t require defining zero or starting the clock. Instead, technicians can look at the interference structure and determine the elapsed time, such as 4 nanoseconds.
This breakthrough has the potential to improve pump-probe spectroscopy, a technique used to measure events on a tiny scale. Future experiments could use different atoms or laser pulses to broaden the range of timestamps, making it possible to measure even shorter times, such as 1.7 trillionths of a second.
Source: https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-found-an-entirely-new-way-to-measure-time