A recent study has discovered a new species of bacterium, Niallia tiangongensis, on China’s Tiangong space station. The swabs taken from the cabin in May 2023 revealed traces of the bacterium, which exhibits characteristics that enable it to function under stressful environmental conditions hundreds of kilometers above Earth.
Researchers say that studying this new species and its relatives could be crucial in protecting astronaut health and maintaining spacecraft functionality during long missions. Unlike other bacteria found on the International Space Station, Niallia tiangongensis differs in both composition and function, offering scientists a unique opportunity to learn about microbiome adaptation in space.
The bacterium appears to have evolved from a known strain called Niallia circulans, which is capable of breaking down gelatin as a source of nitrogen and carbon. However, it has lost the ability to utilize other energy-rich substances found by its cousins. The discovery highlights the diversity of microorganisms that can thrive in space habitats.
With the increasing focus on lunar and deep space missions, understanding how microorganisms will adjust to new environments is crucial. While it is unclear whether Niallia tiangongensis poses a health risk to astronauts, scientists are taking steps to predict its behavior and develop strategies for mitigating potential issues.
Source: https://www.sciencealert.com/unknown-species-of-bacteria-discovered-in-chinas-space-station