Bats have defied convention by living longer than expected for their size, with some species reaching over 40 years. This remarkable longevity has sparked scientific interest, particularly in the context of cancer resistance.
Researchers at the University of Rochester are exploring why bats seem more resistant to cancer. The key lies in a gene called p53, which humans also possess but have limited activity compared to bats. Bats’ heightened p53 activity and an enhanced apoptosis system help suppress tumours. Additionally, their telomerase enzyme remains active, maintaining healthy chromosomes and supporting tissue regeneration.
Bats’ extraordinary immune systems may also contribute to cancer resistance, detecting and clearing out abnormal cells early. This hyper-vigilance likely evolved to cope with flight’s high metabolic demands but could hold promise for human cancer treatments.
The team found that bats can tolerate two “hits” without developing cancer, a phenomenon unlike other long-lived mammals. However, their robust tumour-suppressor mechanisms ensure survival. Researchers theorize that boosting p53 activity or mimicking the bat’s balanced system might lead to new cancer therapies. Further study could also investigate increasing telomerase enzyme levels as a potential treatment for human cancers.
Source: https://cosmosmagazine.com/nature/bats-may-hold-secret-to-cancer