Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in understanding why bats are remarkably long-lived and resistant to cancer. A team from the University of Rochester has found that four bat species, spanning both major bat lineages, share a unique combination of genetic traits that keep their cells healthy.
The key lies in the tumor suppressor gene p53, which is amplified to twice its human level. This leads to “apoptosis” – programmed cell death – before cancerous cells can become harmful. Additionally, bats have regulatory tweaks that ensure p53 prunes precancerous cells without harming healthy ones.
Another critical factor is their immune system, which fights hard but rarely overreacts. Bats also possess a unique chromosome maintenance mechanism, constitutive telomerase, which keeps their chromosomes intact and prevents excessive cell division. This hyper-alert p53 system compensates for telomere-powered cell divisions that might lead to cancer.
The study’s findings suggest that if humans could replicate this bat trio of robust p53, restrained inflammation, and prudent telomerase, future therapies could tackle both aging and malignancy in one stroke. The research has implications for preventive therapies for high-risk populations or those with inherited cancer mutations.
By studying the unique adaptations of long-lived animals like bats, scientists can uncover new insights into disease resistance and develop more effective treatments. The Rochester team’s work provides a valuable blueprint for managing cellular risk while allowing the body to repair, grow, and age slowly.
Source: https://www.earth.com/news/bats-dont-get-cancer-now-scientists-think-they-know-the-reason