Researchers have discovered a hidden layer of bony skin structures, called osteoderms, beneath the scales of Australia’s iconic monitor lizards. This finding, published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, reveals that osteoderms are more common than previously thought and may hold the key to understanding how these ancient reptiles thrived in one of the world’s harshest environments.
A team of international researchers used micro-CT scanning to examine nearly 2,000 reptile specimens from major museum collections. The study found that osteoderms occur in nearly half of all lizard species worldwide, an 85% increase on earlier estimates.
Osteoderms are typically associated with crocodiles, armadillos, and some dinosaurs like Stegosaurus. However, their function has remained a mystery until now. Scientists believe they may provide protection, support heat regulation, mobility, and calcium storage during reproduction.
The discovery was made possible by advances in imaging technology that allowed researchers to study specimens without harming the original material. This landmark study not only provides new insights into Australia’s goannas but also offers a powerful new dataset for exploring how skin, structure, and survival have intertwined across millions of years of evolution.
Source: https://phys.org/news/2025-07-scientists-uncover-hidden-bone-skin.html