A recent case series has identified at least 41 cases of influenza-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) in children during the past two respiratory virus seasons. The majority of these cases, accounting for 76%, occurred in previously healthy children with no underlying medical conditions.
The condition is associated with high mortality rates, with 27% of patients dying from the disease. Furthermore, 63% of survivors suffered from moderate to severe disability, including spasticity, dystonia, and being tracheostomy- or gastrostomy-tube dependent.
Researchers emphasize the importance of robust national surveillance of ANE and the broader category of influenza-associated encephalopathy. With a total of 260 pediatric flu deaths reported since October 2024, along with an estimated 56,000 flu-associated hospitalizations among kids, the risk is clear.
Treatment for ANE typically involves immunomodulatory therapies, such as methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. Early intervention and aggressive treatment are critical in managing the condition, according to experts.
The study’s limitations include its small sample size, which only covered two seasons. However, the findings highlight the need for better prevention and treatment strategies to mitigate the severity of ANE cases.
In a related editorial, an expert emphasizes that annual influenza vaccination is crucial for preventing influenza and reducing the risk of severe complications.
Source: https://www.medpagetoday.com/pediatrics/generalpediatrics/116742