Scientists studying animals that hibernate have made a breakthrough in understanding the genetic basis of this unique adaptation. The research, published in two studies in Science, could lead to new treatments or preventive approaches for human diseases. Researchers found that certain genes and gene regulators play a crucial role in hibernation, and these same mechanisms may be present in humans.
The study focused on genes and regions that have remained relatively unchanged over evolution, suggesting their importance in hibernators’ abilities. The researchers also used mice models subjected to periods of fasting to identify key genetic regulators. These regulators, which don’t produce protein but can modulate gene expression, were found to be critical for hibernation.
One cluster of genes, known as the fat mass and obesity (FTO) locus, was particularly significant in hibernators. Interestingly, this region is strongly linked to human obesity, yet hibernators use it to their advantage. The researchers discovered sequences of DNA near the FTO locus that help regulate neighboring genes, allowing hibernators to build up reserves before hibernation.
When these regulatory regions were modified in mice, metabolism and weight changes occurred. Some modifications led to increased or decreased weight gain, while others affected metabolic rates or body temperature. This suggests that altering these genetic features could provide insights into preventing or treating human disorders.
The researchers believe that by identifying the “control switches” for hibernator traits, they may be able to unlock similar abilities in humans. As one study author noted, “Humans already have the genetic framework,” suggesting that with further research, we can develop new treatments for conditions like type 2 diabetes and other diseases.
Source: https://www.labroots.com/trending/genetics-and-genomics/29408/unlocking-genetic-secrets-hibernators