A team of international researchers has made a groundbreaking discovery by isolating methanetetrol, a compound that could hold the key to understanding life’s chemistry in space. The team, led by astrochemist Ryan Fortenberry from the University of Mississippi, synthesized the molecule for the first time using a process that mimics its formation in cosmic conditions.
Methanetetrol is an ortho acid that is difficult to isolate and study due to its unique structure, which makes it unstable. However, when exposed to certain types of radiation, the compound can break down into simpler molecules like water, hydrogen peroxide, and others that are essential for life.
The researchers used a technique called “flash freeze” to mimic the conditions found in space, where water and carbon dioxide ices are subjected to extreme cold and radiation. This process allowed them to release methanetetrol from its frozen state and identify it using powerful ultraviolet light.
The discovery of methanetetrol has significant implications for astrochemists searching for potential life-supporting regions in space. As Fortenberry noted, “Methanetetrol is like a prebiotic bomb” that can break down into vital components of life when given the right energy.
With this finding, scientists can now search for places where methanetetrol forms naturally, which could indicate the presence of life-supporting conditions. As Fortenberry explained, “Oxygen is everywhere and essential for life as we know it.” The discovery opens up new avenues for research into the origins of life in space and the chemistry that supports it.
The research was supported by the National Science Foundation grants AST-2403867.
Source: https://olemiss.edu/news/2025/08/chemists-explore-super-alcohol-that-may-point-to-cosmic-life/index.html