Scientists at Duke University School of Medicine have discovered a “neurobiotic sense” that allows the gut microbiome to directly communicate with the brain, regulating appetite and behavior. By detecting microbial proteins in the colon, these cells can send rapid signals to the brain, curb appetite, and influence mood and mental health.
Researchers have identified flagellin, an ancient protein found in bacterial flagella, as the key player in this process. When we eat, gut bacteria release flagellin, which is detected by sensor cells called neuropods. These cells then send a message through the vagus nerve to the brain, triggering appetite-suppression.
The discovery was made by a team led by neuroscientists Diego Bohórquez and M. Maya Kaelberer, who found that mice fed with flagellin ate less and gained weight. In contrast, mice missing the TLR5 receptor, which is essential for detecting flagellin, did not exhibit changes in appetite.
The study suggests that this “neurobiotic sense” may be a broader platform for understanding how gut microbes influence behavior, mood, and mental health. The researchers propose further investigation into how specific diets affect the microbial landscape in the gut, with potential applications in conditions like obesity and psychiatric disorders.
Source: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/08/250805041623.htm