Dust storms on Mars pose a significant threat to rovers and landers on the Red Planet. According to recent research, 78% of dust storms are preceded by unusually high solar heating. This discovery could lead to the development of weather forecasts for Martian dust storms.
Researchers Heshani Pieris and Paul Hayne analyzed eight years’ worth of data from NASA’s Mars Climate Sounder instrument, which monitors temperature changes on the surface and atmosphere. They found that the two types of dust storms they studied (“A” and “C” storms) were often preceded by warm days, similar to those experienced on Earth.
“When you heat up the surface, the layer of atmosphere right above it becomes buoyant, and it can rise, taking dust with it,” said Pieris. This phenomenon is believed to be a key factor in triggering dust storms.
The researchers have developed an algorithm that can predict the appearance of “A” or “C” storms based on surface heating, with a confidence level of 64%. While this study is not conclusive proof, it represents a significant step forward in understanding and predicting Martian dust storms.
However, many questions remain unanswered about the physics of Mars dust storms. The researchers acknowledge that they need to better understand how local events can grow into global phenomena. As NASA prepares for future crewed missions to Mars, this knowledge could be crucial in ensuring the safety and success of these endeavors.
With this new understanding, we may soon see weather forecasts on Mars become a reality, providing valuable insights for future explorers.
Source: https://www.space.com/the-universe/mars/sunny-days-on-mars-come-with-a-weather-warning-dust-storms-ahead