Exposure to common PFAS compounds has been linked to changes in gene activity, which may contribute to various health problems including multiple cancers, neurological disorders, and autoimmune diseases. A new study found that these chemicals can alter the way genes are expressed, affecting whether cancer develops or the type of cancer. Researchers hope this discovery will help doctors identify and treat health issues caused by PFAS exposure before they advance.
The study, led by University of Arizona College of Public Health researcher Melissa Furlong, examined how PFAS chemicals impact gene activity, a process known as epigenetics. The researchers analyzed the blood of 300 firefighters exposed to high levels of PFAS, who were primarily using products containing these chemicals for their heat-repelling properties.
Furlong was surprised by the number of genes and biological pathways impacted by PFAS exposure, suggesting that the chemicals may contribute to a broad range of health problems. While the study did not prove cause-and-effect relationships between PFAS exposure and disease, it highlights potential changes in gene activity that could precede disease development.
PFAS, also known as “forever chemicals,” are used in products resistant to water, stains, and grease. They have been linked to various serious health problems, including cancer, birth defects, and autoimmune diseases. The study’s findings may also point to other diseases potentially caused by PFAS exposure that have not yet been identified.
The research team found connections between PFAS-related gene changes and biological pathways involved in several types of cancer, as well as Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases like lupus and tuberculosis. Pharmaceutical companies are exploring the development of treatments that can alter gene activity to prevent or mitigate PFAS-linked health problems.
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Source: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/aug/15/forever-chemicals-pfas-exposure-gene-activity