Scientists have discovered a species of worm that can survive and thrive in one of the most inhospitable environments on Earth – deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The bright yellow Paralvinella hessleri worm contains high levels of arsenic, up to 1%, making it an “extremophile” unlike any other animal.
Research has shown that the worm’s skin cells react with hydrogen sulphide from the vent fluid, forming orpiment – a toxic mineral that is also responsible for its vibrant yellow color. This unique adaptation allows the worm to survive in extreme conditions where most animals would not be able to.
The discovery was made using a combination of microscopy, spectroscopy, and Raman analysis, which revealed the presence of orpiment minerals in the worm’s cells. Co-author Dr Hao Wang says the find is “a curious convergence of biology and art history”, as the same mineral that kills most animals also gives the worm its striking appearance.
The Ultramarine project, supported by Minderoo Foundation, aims to advance research and innovation in our marine environments. This breakthrough discovery highlights the incredible diversity of life on our planet and the importance of continued exploration and study of our oceans.
Source: https://cosmosmagazine.com/nature/marine-life/orpiment-hydrothermal-vent-worm