A mysterious allergy, known as alpha-gal syndrome, is on the rise in the eastern United States, fueled by an explosion in lone star tick populations. The ticks, which are known for their aggressive behavior and ability to trigger a severe allergic reaction in bitten individuals, have spread across the country from their traditional heartland in the south-east.
The condition, which causes an immune response to alpha-gal sugar molecules found in mammals, has seen its prevalence surge from just a few dozen cases in 2009 to over 450,000 currently. Experts warn that if left unchecked, the ticks could cover the entire eastern half of the US, infecting millions of people.
Researchers attribute the rapid expansion of lone star ticks to rising temperatures due to climate change. The ticks are able to adapt to local conditions and spread rapidly, making them a significant public health concern.
Alpha-gal syndrome is not caused by a pathogen but rather stimulates an immune response. Symptoms can appear several hours after consuming meat, and in severe cases, may lead to heart attacks or anaphylaxis. The condition is unpredictable, with varying symptoms affecting people of all ages.
The rise of alpha-gal has led to concerns about food contamination, as individuals become wary of eating out due to the risk of tick-borne illnesses. Experts stress that more research and funding are needed to combat this growing threat.
As the climate continues to warm, the spread of alpha-gal syndrome is expected to worsen, with potential impacts on public health and ecosystems. The US government must take action to address this issue by investing in research, education, and prevention measures.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jun/29/lone-star-ticks-increase-climate-crisis