Scientists have finally uncovered the origins of the potato by studying the genetic makeup of 128 plants from three lineages: Tomato, Petota (potatoes), and Etuberosum. The research suggests that a random mating between wild tomato plants and potato-like species around 8-9 million years ago gave rise to potatoes. This event created new combinations of genes in the Petota lineage, resulting in tubers – swollen organs that store water and nutrients.
The study found “mosaic-like” genetic patterns in Petota, indicating an even mix of DNA inherited from both Tomato and Etuberosum. This suggests that a hybridization event between the two lineages occurred between 8-9 million years ago. The resulting potatoes produced tubers, which were linked to specific genes. These findings shed light on how this ancient mating event led to the evolution of new traits and the emergence of diverse potato species.
The researchers believe that the ability to store nutrients and water in tubers gave potatoes an advantage in harsh environments, allowing them to expand into newly created habitats in the Andes mountains. This, in turn, contributed to the rich diversity of potatoes we see today. The study’s findings provide new insights into the evolutionary history of potatoes and their significance in human cuisine.
Source: https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/evolution/tomatoes-randomly-mated-with-another-plant-9-million-years-ago-the-result-potatoes