A new archaeological dig in Guinea-Bissau has uncovered physical evidence of the ancient kingdom of Kaabu, which was previously thought to be myth. The discovery comes after griots from Senegal and Guinea-Bissau came together with archaeologists to explore the site, sharing their knowledge of the kingdom’s history through songs and stories.
The kingdom of Kaabu held power from the 1500s to the 1800s and included modern-day Guinea-Bissau and Senegal. According to Sirio Canós-Donnay, an archaeologist at the University of Valencia, “It played a key role in many events of historical importance for the world, including early African statehood.”
Griots have long been the guardians of Kaabu’s history, passing down stories through songs and poems. However, the term “griot” has colonialist irony to it, reflecting its Portuguese origin. Griots like Nino Galissa, a descendant of the first griots of Kaabu, play a harp-like instrument called the kora to share their knowledge.
The excavation uncovered evidence of fortresses, the quarters of the king, and extensive trade. Archaeologists also found indications of a detonation centuries ago, with bits of roof tile and debris scattered about. While only a small portion of the site was explored, it provides physical validation of the people and places described in griot songs.
The project aims to give Africans the opportunity to tell their own story and perspective, rather than relying on Westerners to do it for them. Antonio Queba Banjai, a descendant of the last emperors of Kaabu, notes that “the storytellers tell us where we come from.” By involving griots in the excavation process, archaeologists have created a dialogue between past and present, allowing the community to connect with their history in a new way.
The discovery of Kaabu highlights the importance of preserving African cultural heritage and provides a unique opportunity for Africans to share their perspective on their own history.
Source: https://www.npr.org/sections/goats-and-soda/2025/04/27/g-s1-61299/griots-legendary-africa-archaeology