The polar shark, a mysterious inhabitant of the Arctic Ocean, holds the record for the longest-lived vertebrate on Earth, with some individuals estimated to live up to 400 years. Scientists are fascinated by its unique nature and are trying to unravel the mystery behind its remarkable longevity.
Research has shown that the polar shark’s genome is vast, containing almost twice as many base pairs as humans, with more than 70% consisting of transposons – mobile fragments that can cause mutations in other organisms. However, in this species, these elements are under tight control, a fact that astonishes scientists.
Researchers believe that the key to the shark’s longevity lies in its unique genome structure and its ability to manage energy in a way not seen in other species. This slow pace of life, coupled with the organization of DNA, avoids genetic chaos and allows the shark to live for centuries.
One of the most remarkable aspects of the polar shark is its genetic stability, which seems to be a shield against the passage of time. Genetic analyses reveal few changes in its genetic sequences over hundreds of years, pointing to advanced DNA repair mechanisms that work with remarkable efficiency.
The shark’s unique traits, including slow growth and development, and its ability to thrive in extreme environments, make it an inspiration for science. Researchers hope to learn from its genome and discover new ways to prevent diseases of aging, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease.
By studying the polar shark, scientists may uncover universal lessons that can be applied to human biology. Its secrets could hold the key to extending human life and understanding the mysteries of aging.
Source: https://wodnesprawy.pl/en/the-polar-shark-and-the-secret-to-its-longevity