For years, neurons were considered the stars of brain function when it comes to memory. However, a new study by MIT suggests that astrocytes, previously thought to be mere helpers, may play a more significant role than believed.
Astrocytes are the most numerous type of cell in the brain and have traditionally been responsible for maintaining the chemical environment, cleaning up waste, and nourishing neurons. Research now indicates that they participate in communication and information storage, potentially revolutionizing our understanding of brain memory.
A single astrocyte can connect with over a million synapses, creating an intricate network that was once thought to be passive. These cells “listen” to neuronal activity, releasing molecules called gliotransmitters that directly influence information transmission.
The study proposes that astrocytes could store memories through their internal network and communication with many synapses at once. This model combines mathematics, biology, and artificial neural networks, potentially leading to more efficient networks and increased storage capacity.
Astrocytes generate a richer and more flexible network of interactions by participating in calcium transmission and connecting with multiple synapses. This system not only stores more information but does so more robustly. If confirmed, this theory could rewrite neuroscience textbooks and inspire new artificial intelligence algorithms.
The next step is to validate this finding in the lab by manipulating calcium diffusion in astrocytes and adjusting simulations with real neurobiology data. While the task may be challenging, researchers are optimistic that current technology can handle it. This discovery has the potential to unlock the secrets of why we remember certain details from our past more clearly than others.
Source: https://unionrayo.com/en/astrocytes-mit-brain-remember