Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery, identifying a way to target cancer cells containing elusive circular fragments of DNA that drive aggressive cancer growth. The research, published in Nature, reveals how these fragments, known as extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), enable tumors to rapidly adapt and resist treatment.
The study found that ecDNA is widespread across various types of aggressive cancers, including breast cancer, and can even promote the survival of cancer cells by suppressing the immune system. To combat this, researchers identified a new drug, BBI-2779, which specifically targets and kills ecDNA-containing cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
BBI-2779 works by inhibiting a protein called CHK1, which plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage caused by ecDNA copying. When CHK1 is inhibited, the delicate process of ecDNA replication can cause severe DNA damage, resulting in cell death.
The development of BBI-2779 offers new hope for patients with aggressive cancers, particularly those whose tumors contain high levels of ecDNA. This targeted treatment approach could lead to more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes.
Further research is underway to explore the complex mechanisms by which ecDNA disables the immune system and to develop new treatments that can reactivate it. The discovery of BBI-2779 paves the way for a clearer understanding of cancer biology and the potential for more targeted treatment options in the future.
Source: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20241109/Breakthrough-research-reveals-how-to-target-malignant-DNA-in-aggressive-cancers.aspx