The World Health Organization reported that approximately 630,000 people died of HIV-related illnesses worldwide in 2023. A breakthrough discovery by University of Utah biochemist Wesley Sundquist may set to decrease this number. Gilead Sciences developed a highly effective, long-lasting prophylactic against HIV, named lenacapavir, which was recognized as the “Breakthrough of the Year” by Science journal.
Sundquist’s research focused on understanding how HIV builds and interacts with cells led to the development of lenacapavir. His team discovered that the virus’s protein shell is highly sensitive to changes, making it a potential target for effective drugs. Gilead Sciences searched for drugs targeting this “capsid” after catching Sundquist’s insights, ultimately leading to the creation of lenacapavir.
The drug binds to HIV’s viral protein shell, preventing assembly and entry into host cells. Unlike other HIV medications, lenacapavir has a unique potential for preventing transmission entirely. Its potency lies in its long-lasting effect, with the potential to offer protection for six months through a single injection, similar to a vaccine. This breakthrough has significant implications, particularly in contexts where access to medical care is limited.
Clinical trials in South Africa and Uganda showed that lenacapavir nearly completely prevented HIV transmission among over 2,000 women who received the dose. Follow-up trials have confirmed its efficacy in other populations, including men and nonbinary individuals. Sundquist’s lab aims to continue exploring molecular machines, driven by curiosity for discovery. Although the work is ongoing, this breakthrough offers hope for a more effective HIV treatment.
Source: https://www.ksl.com/article/51214009/pivotal-step-u-biochemists-hiv-research-contributes-to-sciences-breakthrough-of-the-year