A new study published in the Journal of Attention Disorders has found that a specific pattern of mental functioning, known as cognitive disengagement syndrome, is distinct from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers identified a unique cluster of symptoms, including excessive daydreaming, mental confusion, and sluggish thinking behavior, which were previously described as “sluggish cognitive tempo.”
The study analyzed data from over 5,500 children and adolescents in Spain, aged 5-16. The researchers created clinical groups based on the frequency of specific behaviors, such as academic struggles, social difficulties, and sleep problems. They found that approximately 2.5% of children and 1.5% of adolescents exhibited symptoms of cognitive disengagement syndrome without significant ADHD symptoms.
In childhood, individuals with cognitive disengagement syndrome were more likely to experience internalizing disorders, anxiety, depression, and somatization (physical complaints). As they entered adolescence, these differences disappeared, suggesting different developmental pathways for the conditions. The study also found that adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder reported similar levels of anxiety and depression as those with cognitive disengagement syndrome.
Sleep difficulties were a consistent differentiator between the groups in both childhood and adolescence. Youth with cognitive disengagement syndrome experienced more daytime sleep-related impairment, while nighttime sleep disturbances were more common.
The study highlights the need for clinicians to assess for cognitive disengagement syndrome separately from ADHD. Recognizing this distinct profile could lead to more targeted and effective interventions for struggling youth.
Source: https://www.psypost.org/new-research-differentiates-cognitive-disengagement-syndrome-from-adhd-in-youth