Colorectal cancer (CRC) has seen improved survival rates globally due to advancements in biomarker testing and genetic testing. While both tests share a goal of assessing cancer, they serve distinct purposes during the diagnosis process.
Biomarker testing helps doctors understand cancer’s growth and spread by screening for genetic mutations, protein expression levels, signaling molecules, DNA sequencing patterns, antigens, and more. Common CRC tumor biomarkers include MSI-H/dMMR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, HER2, EGFR, CEA, TRK fusions, and VEGF.
Genetic testing, on the other hand, assesses a person’s inherited risk of developing CRC by analyzing their DNA for genetic mutations or variants associated with an increased risk. Genetic tests are mainly used to determine risk factors for CRC and often include screening for Lynch syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and other inherited conditions.
Genetic testing is typically recommended for individuals with a family history of CRC or hereditary cancer syndromes in multiple biological relatives. Biomarker testing can help direct treatment planning and predict treatment response, but genetic testing remains essential for assessing inherited risk.
To make the most of your conversation with your doctor about CRC, consider researching the condition, verifying your family medical history, bringing a written list of questions, having a friend or loved one accompany you for support, taking notes on what’s discussed, and asking specific questions about biomarker and genetic test results.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/health/colorectal-cancer/biomarker-genetic-testing-colorectal-cancer