A recent study published in Nature Microbiology has analyzed biological samples from over 21,000 individuals and found that their dietary patterns significantly impact the composition of their gut microbiomes.
Researchers, led by Gloria Fackelmann and Nicola Segata, investigated how different diets – vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous – affect the microbes inhabiting the intestines. The study discovered that a varied diet rich in vegetables is crucial for maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.
While vegans had the healthiest diets, their microbiomes were less diverse than those of omnivores. However, scientists emphasized that diversity alone is not an indicator of overall health and pointed out the importance of quality and functionality of bacteria.
The researchers found unique microbial signatures associated with each dietary pattern. Vegan diets led to increased numbers of beneficial bacteria involved in fiber fermentation, such as Bacteroides and Firmicutes phyla. These bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids that reduce inflammation and maintain gut health.
In contrast, omnivores had higher levels of bacteria linked to meat digestion, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Vegetarians, on the other hand, exhibited a single distinct difference – the presence of Streptococcus thermophilus in their microbiomes, which is often found in dairy products.
The study suggests that regardless of dietary pattern, eating more plant-based foods and fewer animal-based foods can be beneficial for gut health. It highlights the importance of food diversity, especially fiber-rich plants, for maintaining a healthy microbiome.
Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2025-01-dietary-choices-distinct-gut-microbiomes.html