A new study published in Nature Genetics has identified four distinct subtypes of autism, each tied to its own unique genetic signature and patterns of trait development. The research analyzed data from over 5,000 autistic children and their siblings, revealing that autism can be understood as multiple conditions with different trajectories.
The study’s findings suggest that there are “many autisms,” rather than a single spectrum. Four subtypes were identified based on genetic differences and clinical patterns: Social/behavioral, Mixed ASD with Developmental Delay, Moderate challenges, and Broadly affected.
Each subtype has distinct characteristics, such as rare genetic variants or changes in gene expression that influence developmental milestones and autism diagnosis. The “Social/behavioral” group, for example, shows repetitive behaviors and communication challenges, while the “Broadly affected” group exhibits prominent autism traits from an early age.
The study’s lead researcher, Olga Troyanskaya, emphasizes the importance of unraveling the biology behind these genetic differences to better understand autism. She notes that more data is needed to refine the identified subtypes and develop tailored diagnoses and support for individuals with autism.
Expert Thomas Bourgeron agrees that a deeper understanding of autism’s trajectory is crucial, highlighting the need for research that incorporates real-life experiences and practical information to inform diagnosis and support. As more data becomes available, the study’s findings may lead to more effective treatments and improved recognition of neurodiversity.
Source: https://www.thetransmitter.org/spectrum/four-autism-subtypes-map-onto-distinct-genes-traits