Ghana is facing a growing public health emergency driven by the widespread consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). These industrially manufactured products are linked to a surge in diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which now account for 45% of all deaths nationwide and are projected to become the leading cause of mortality by 2030.
To address this crisis, the government must take decisive action. One potential solution is a comprehensive excise tax on UPFs, which would discourage consumption and encourage healthier food production. This tax could be tiered based on the nutritional profile of products, imposing higher rates on those with elevated levels of added sugars, sodium, and unhealthy fats.
Data from the 2023 Ghana STEPS Survey show that 13.4% of adults are obese, and an additional 20.9% are overweight. High sodium intake is also a dietary challenge, with over 22% of adults consuming more than 5g of salt per day.
Ghana has already taken steps in this direction by implementing a 20% excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in 2023. Early assessments indicate reduced purchases among youth and low-income groups, demonstrating both the behavioural impact and equity benefits of fiscal policy.
Internationally, over 50 countries have adopted similar health taxes, and Colombia became the first nation to enact a comprehensive tax targeting ultra-processed foods in November 2023. The evidence shows that these taxes are progressive in outcome, delivering greater health gains among lower-income groups due to their higher baseline consumption and vulnerability.
However, not everyone is convinced of the benefits of taxation. The food and beverage industry opposes taxation, citing concerns about regressive and economic harm. But the argument that small businesses will suffer is unfounded, as most UPFs sold in Ghana are manufactured by large multinational firms.
Ghana must now take bold action to address this public health crisis. A comprehensive excise tax on UPFs is a timely and necessary measure. By doing so, the country can reclaim its development trajectory, restore food sovereignty, and safeguard its future for generations to come.
Source: https://thebftonline.com/2025/06/22/protecting-health-and-boosting-productivity-an-urgent-call-for-excise-tax-on-ultra-processed-foods