Researchers at the University of Toronto found a significant association between the use of GLP-1 drugs and an increased risk of developing neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) in people with type 2 diabetes. The study analyzed data from nearly 140,000 adults with type 2 diabetes and found that those taking GLP-1s were more than twice as likely to develop wet AMD.
The risk substantially increased the longer patients were prescribed the medication, particularly for those containing semaglutide. While the absolute risk of developing wet AMD was still low, experts say there’s reason for caution due to the potential biological effects of prolonged exposure to GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Researchers identified an association between GLP-1 use and other forms of eye disease in people with type 2 diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy and NAION. The mechanism behind the increased risk is not well established, but a theory suggests that rapid lowering of blood sugar levels leads to hypoxia in the retina, causing abnormal blood vessel growth.
Ophthalmologists stress the importance of annual eye exams for those with diabetes, especially when taking GLP-1 drugs. People should be aware of signs and symptoms of vision loss, including distortion or blurriness, new blind spots, difficulty with tasks like reading or driving, and difficulty recognizing familiar faces. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a doctor immediately.
The findings raise further questions about the ocular safety profile of GLP-1 drugs and highlight the need for further investigation into their potential risks for eye health.
Source: https://www.healthline.com/health-news/glp-1-drugs-age-related-macular-degeneration-risk