Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been increasingly used for weight loss, but recent studies have also investigated their potential benefits on cognitive and behavioral health.
A new study published in the journal Nature Medicine found that taking GLP-1 medications may provide benefits to cognitive and behavioral health, including lowered dementia and addiction risks. The researchers analyzed medical records from over 2 million people who took diabetes medications, including over 215,000 who took GLP-1 medications, from October 2017 through December 2023.
The study revealed significant neurological and behavioral health benefits in participants who took GLP-1 medications, including reduced risk of substance addiction to alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and stimulants. They also had a decreased risk of seizures, suicidal ideation, self-harm, bulimia, and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia.
On the other hand, researchers found that GLP-1 use was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal problems, including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and, in rare cases, paralysis of the stomach. The study also linked GLP-1 use to an increased risk of arthritic disorders, pancreatitis, sleep disturbances, hypotension, and nephrolithiasis (kidney stones).
Experts believe that these medications have the potential to lower the use of other drugs used to treat obesity-related conditions, as they can address both weight loss and smoking cessation. However, it is essential for people taking GLP-1s and doctors prescribing them to be aware of the potential side effects.
“Babak Firoozi, MD, a board certified gastroenterologist at MemorialCare Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA, said: ‘I was surprised and encouraged about all the positive impact the medication has on patients, specifically in reducing risk of cognitive decline. It is becoming clear that the benefits of these medications go beyond weight loss and diabetes control.'”
Seth Kipnis, MD, FACS, FASMBS, medical director of Bariatric and Robotic Surgery at Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center in New Jersey, added: “These drugs will only become more common and will increase in use. They are very effective at causing weight loss and improving health. We have been prescribing many long-term drugs for hypertension, heart disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, arthritis, reflux, and many other diseases without hesitation.”
As the use of GLP-1 medications continues to rise, it is crucial to weigh their benefits against potential risks and monitor side effects.
Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/glp-1-drugs-linked-lower-dementia-risk-higher-risk-kidney-stomach-issues