Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) have gained popularity in treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, but research suggests that their benefits may extend beyond metabolic management. A recent review examined the effects of GLP-1 medications on cognitive functioning and mental health issues.
Studies showed mixed results, with some finding neuroprotective benefits while others raised concerns about increased depression and suicidal ideality. The review analyzed data from over 100 preclinical studies, which suggested that GLP-1 drugs could protect against cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases by reducing inflammation and improving insulin signaling.
GLP-1 medications have also been found to reduce cravings for substances like alcohol, nicotine, and opioids, potentially aiding in substance abuse treatment. However, human studies on this topic were limited, and results were mixed. The review found that GLP-1 drugs may help mitigate cardiometabolic issues associated with schizophrenia spectrum conditions.
While the findings are promising, experts emphasize the need for well-designed, long-term clinical trials to confirm the benefits of GLP-1 medications in treating neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. Mir Ali, MD, a board-certified general surgeon, notes that more research is needed to separate benefits from weight loss and diabetes control.
Mir Ali comments: “Changes in mood can occur from many sources, including weight loss, so further research is necessary to delineate the actual mechanism.”
David Merrill, MD, a geriatric psychiatrist, sees potential for GLP-1 drugs to be helpful outside treating type 2 diabetes and obesity. He notes that the findings align with preclinical models and some human studies, suggesting that GLP-1RAs may reduce neuroinflammation, improve insulin signaling, and potentially slow cognitive decline processes.
The review highlights the complexity of GLP-1 medications’ effects on mental health, emphasizing the need for further pharmacovigilance studies to monitor potential side effects. While promising, more research is necessary to confirm the benefits and risks of GLP-1 receptor agonists in treating neurological disorders.
Source: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/glp-1-drugs-may-aid-brain-health-but-do-they-increase-depression-risk