The human gut microbiome (GMB) often referred to as a “forgotten organ,” comprises hundreds of bacterial species carrying millions of genes. These commensal bacteria play a vital role in breaking down indigestible fiber and producing essential metabolites. The GMB influences host physiology through two main actions: producing chemical signals that regulate gene expression and maintaining the intestinal barrier by conditioning the immune system.
Recent studies have shown that alteration and damage to the GMB are linked to various pathologies, including inflammation. This review aims to introduce the basic mechanisms of GMB-host interaction, focusing on the role of gut bacteria metabolites in host gene regulation and homeostasis. The study covers topics such as microbiome composition, intestinal homeostasis, dysbiosis, immune modulation, and gut bacteria metabolite chemistry.
Key findings include:
* Gut bacteria produce essential metabolites that influence host physiology
* The GMB maintains the intestinal barrier by conditioning the immune system
* Alteration of the GMB is linked to various pathologies, including inflammation
The study’s authors emphasize that claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent their affiliated organizations or the publisher.
Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1565609/abstract