As veterinarians, flu scientists, and biosecurity experts, we are growing increasingly concerned about the rise of H5N1 avian influenza in domesticated cats. Since 2022, over 100 US cats have been confirmed infected with high mortality rates, primarily linked to contaminated raw milk and meat pet foods or exposure to wild birds.
A recent report by the CDC and Michigan health authorities reveals that human-to-cat transmission may be a factor, with two indoor cats testing positive for H5N1 after no known direct contact with other sick animals. This finding raises significant concerns about zoonotic spillover and highlights the need for federal, state, and industry action to address gaps in regulatory oversight.
Current surveillance is inadequate, particularly for companion animal infectious diseases, which hinders prevention, detection, and control efforts. The American Veterinary Medical Association recommends testing for both viruses in animals with neurological disease, but this passive structure falls short of active surveillance needed to recognize the full scope of the problem.
We recommend that federal agencies invest in point-of-care testing for H5N1 and other zoonotic diseases, expand surveillance efforts, and improve information flow. This would provide critical data for national security and pandemic preparedness teams to coordinate effective strategies across federal agencies.
With over 30% of US cats developing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 when owners were infected, similar dynamics are suspected to be at play with H5N1. Rapid point-of-care or at-home tests should be developed and validated for cats, allowing veterinary clinics to screen animals quickly.
Investment in partnerships with researchers, animal shelters, and control organizations in rural areas could help reach barn and feral cat populations. Ultimately, solving the authority gap is crucial to prevent further spread of this relentless virus.
Source: https://www.statnews.com/2025/03/04/h5n1-avian-flu-cats-transmission-pets-companion-animals-disease-surveillance