A new study published in Nature Communications reveals that Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) reshapes the human genome to suit its own replication needs. Unlike previously thought, dense chromatin does not immediately shut down genes; instead, transcription is slowed before DNA compacts.
Inside host cells, HSV-1 hijacks key enzymes like RNA polymerase II and topoisomerase I to copy its own genes. This process creates viral replication compartments that dramatically alter the 3D layout of the genome. The virus also rewires specific chromatin loops to boost genes it benefits from.
Researchers found a weakness in the viral plan: blocking one host enzyme, topoisomerase I, halts HSV-1’s genome reshaping and prevents new particle production. This discovery could lead to new therapies targeting this enzyme.
The study uses advanced tools like super-resolution microscopy and Hi-C to uncover HSV-1’s tactics. The virus genome tends to associate with active, gene-rich regions in human DNA, which helps it turn on necessary genes. A potential treatment is being developed, offering hope for a cure.
This breakthrough could lead to new ways to fight HSV-1 by stopping the virus from reshaping human cells early in infection, potentially preventing its spread.
Source: https://www.earth.com/news/herpes-virus-reshapes-human-dna-to-multiply