A groundbreaking study has revealed that regions of human DNA that evolved rapidly may hold the key to understanding the advanced cognitive abilities of humans. Researchers compared the brains of humans and chimpanzees and found that certain genetic changes drive the growth of neural projections, enhancing communication between brain cells.
The study, led by Dr. Yin Shen, used artificial neurons derived from human and chimpanzee cell lines to investigate the effects of these rapid-evolving regions, known as Human Accelerated Regions (HARs). The findings show that HARs support the development of complex neural networks, which are essential for higher cognitive functions.
However, the researchers also discovered that these same genetic changes may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders like autism. This highlights the delicate balance of human brain evolution and the potential risks associated with rapid genetic change.
The study’s results have significant implications for our understanding of human brain development and the evolution of complex cognitive abilities. By studying HARs, scientists can gain insights into the mechanisms that underlie these abilities and potentially develop new treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Source: https://neurosciencenews.com/genetics-evolution-cognition-28441