Sloth bears are often misunderstood as aggressive animals, but a recent study reveals their explosive fighting skills may be a survival strategy against predators like tigers. As habitat loss threatens these unique creatures, researchers and local communities are finding ways to coexist with the world’s deadliest bear.
India is home to approximately 20,000 sloth bears, which feed on fruit, termites, and ants. However, they have earned a reputation as aggressive animals due to their tendency to charge at perceived threats. In fact, studies show that sloth bear attacks outnumber those of tigers, lions, and wolves.
But what drives these ferocious encounters? According to Dr. Nishith Dharaiya, director of the Centre for Wildlife Research, sloth bears initially try to intimidate their opponents by standing on their hind legs and attacking with long claws. This defense strategy is meant to scare off potential threats like tigers but can result in deadly consequences for humans.
“Humans are not fast enough to outrun sloth bears,” Dr. Dharaiya warns. “Their attacks can be especially damaging, as the bears mostly target the head and face.” Sloth bear attacks have resulted in catastrophic injuries, including ripped faces and lost eyesight.
To mitigate these risks, researchers have developed a unique tool called the “ghanti kathi” (bell stick). Equipped with bells and blunt spikes, this anti-sloth-bear stick aims to scare off the bears by making noise and alerting them to human presence. Preliminary data suggests that the stick is effective in deterring both sloth bears and other wild animals.
As the fight for coexistence between humans and sloth bears intensifies, Dr. Dharaiya emphasizes the importance of conservation efforts. Sloth bears play a vital role in maintaining forest ecosystems by controlling ant and termite populations and dispersing seeds.
“The sloth bear is [endemic to] the Indian subcontinent,” he says. “It’s our responsibility to conserve it.” By adopting strategies like making noise while walking, clearing bushes, and using anti-sloth-bear sticks, local communities can reduce conflicts with these remarkable creatures.
As researchers continue to uncover the secrets of sloth bears’ aggressive behavior, hopes rise for a better understanding of these enigmatic animals.
Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250805-living-with-the-face-clawing-sloth-bear-that-scares-tigers