Astronomers have discovered a fourth planet, Kepler-51e, in the unique Kepler-51 system, known for its low-density planets and intriguing astronomical features. The newly found planet shares similarities with its sibling worlds, including Jupiter-like sizes but Earth-like masses.
Kepler-51, a younger Sun-like star, boasts four planets, including the giant gas giants Kepler-51b, c, and d, which are among the most low-density planets ever discovered. The system’s peculiar characteristics include extreme planetary orbits and densities comparable to cotton candy.
The discovery of Kepler-51e was made possible by analyzing data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and land-based telescopes observing a transit by Kepler-51d. Initial observations suggested the transit occurred two hours early, which is beyond the predicted 15-minute window.
The planet’s mass is estimated to be less than ten times that of Earth, making it a potential super-Earth or gas giant like Neptune. However, its orbit and density are still unknown, and further study is required to determine its characteristics.
The presence of Kepler-51e has led researchers to recalculate the masses of the three previous planets, indicating they may be slightly heavier than initially thought. The system’s oddities have sparked new theories about planetary formation and migration.
With four planets orbiting a star less luminous than the Sun, the Kepler-51 system challenges current understanding of planetary formation and evolution. As researchers continue to study this fascinating system, additional discoveries are expected to shed light on its mysteries.
Source: https://www.iflscience.com/system-of-cotton-candy-planets-has-a-lurking-fourth-member-77072