As space exploration pushes the boundaries of human endurance, the health of astronauts on long-duration missions becomes a growing concern. Prolonged exposure to microgravity, radiation, and isolation weakens the immune system, leading to persistent health issues such as skin rashes, cold sores, and unusual allergies.
However, new research suggests that introducing beneficial microbes from Earth’s soil and water into space habitats could be the answer to maintaining astronaut health. A study published in the journal Cell on February 27, 2024, found that the International Space Station (ISS), designed to be sterile, lacks microbial diversity, similar to highly sanitized spaces on Earth.
Researchers believe that these beneficial microbes play a critical role in maintaining human health and have coevolved with humans for millions of years. Introducing them into space habitats could help astronauts fight infections more effectively and reduce the negative effects of space travel on their immune system.
However, introducing microbes to space habitats comes with risks. Microbes behave differently in space due to radiation exposure and microgravity, which can lead to mutations or aggressive behavior. To mitigate these risks, rigorous testing is necessary before introducing microbes into space.
If further studies confirm the benefits of microbial diversity in space, this research could revolutionize space medicine and habitat design. Future missions may include controlled microbial ecosystems, ensuring that astronauts remain healthier during long-duration missions. By leveraging Earth’s microbial allies, scientists can develop new ways to adapt to extreme environments, bringing humanity closer to permanent settlements on the Moon, Mars, and beyond.
Source: https://dailygalaxy.com/2025/03/earths-microbes-astronauts-healthy-space