A mysterious island appeared in the Caspian Sea in 2023 due to a mud volcano eruption and vanished by the following year. Satellite images tracked its fleeting existence, revealing insights into the unpredictable world of mud volcanoes. The phenomenon, caused by the Kumani Bank mud volcano, has occurred multiple times since its first recorded eruption in 1861.
Located about 25 kilometers off Azerbaijan’s eastern coast, Kumani Bank is known for creating short-lived islands during powerful eruptions. Satellite imagery documented the island’s dramatic appearance and gradual shrinking. By February 14, 2023, the island had emerged, with a visible sediment plume trailing away from it.
Historical Context
Kumani Bank’s previous eight recorded eruptions occurred in bursts lasting less than two days, producing islands of different sizes and longevities. The strongest eruption in 1950 produced an island 700 meters across and 6 meters high.
Geological Mysteries and Martian Analogs
Mud volcanoes are understudied features that may be found on Mars as well. Scientists believe some muddy mounds in the northern lowlands of Mars formed when gas- and liquid-rich sediments spewed out to the surface.
Hazardous Eruptions and Environmental Impact
Azerbaijan’s mud volcanoes can be hazardous, with potential eruptions expelling large amounts of material and flammable gases. The region is linked to the South Caspian Basin’s hydrocarbon system and emits methane and muddy slurries.
Source: https://scitechdaily.com/satellites-capture-the-mysterious-rise-and-fall-of-a-ghost-island-in-the-caspian-sea