The NASA rover Curiosity continues its 13-year journey on Mars, with new capabilities allowing it to conduct more science with less energy from its batteries. The six-wheeled robot has been given more autonomy and the ability to multitask, making the most of its multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator (MMRTG) power source.
The MMRTG nuclear power source relies on decaying plutonium pellets to create energy and recharge the rover’s batteries. However, as the plutonium decays over time, it takes longer to recharge Curiosity’s batteries, leaving less energy for science each day. To overcome this challenge, NASA engineers have carefully managed the rover’s daily power budget, factoring in every device that draws on the batteries.
The team has developed new capabilities to reduce the amount of time Curiosity is active, such as consolidating tasks and letting the rover decide when it needs to nap. For example, Curiosity’s radio regularly sends data and images to a passing orbiter, which relays them to Earth. Now, the rover can talk to an orbiter while driving, moving its robotic arm, or snapping images.
These improvements have been successfully demonstrated on Mars, allowing Curiosity to maximize the life of its MMRTG power source for more science and exploration down the road. The rover’s enhanced capabilities also enable it to continue deciphering how the ancient Martian climate changed, transforming a world of lakes and rivers into the chilly desert it is today.
The team has been implementing other new capabilities on Curiosity for years, including enhancing its driving capabilities, improving its robotic arm’s rock-pulverizing drill, and reducing wear on its rock-battered wheels. These measures have kept the rover as busy as ever, allowing it to continue exploring Mars with increased efficiency and productivity.
Source: https://www.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory/curiosity-rover/marking-13-years-on-mars-nasas-curiosity-picks-up-new-skills