Scientists challenge the long-held notion that Neanderthals were hypercarnivores by suggesting they ate a significant amount of fresh maggots as part of their diet. Researchers from the US found chemical signatures in ancient bones indicating the Neanderthals’ reliance on these nutritious, yet often overlooked, insects.
The team’s theory contradicts previous assumptions about Neanderthals’ diets, which were based on high levels of heavy nitrogen in their bones. However, the researchers argue that Neanderthals could not have consumed enough meat to accumulate this level of nitrogen. Maggots, instead, proved to be a rich source of protein and nutrients.
“This is surprising because it contradicts what we think of as food,” said Karen Hardy, professor of prehistoric archaeology at the University of Glasgow. “Maggots are a great source of protein, fat, and essential amino acids.”
The discovery suggests that Neanderthals’ diets were more nuanced than previously thought, with maggots playing a major role. The findings also highlight the limitations of using nitrogen levels to determine an organism’s position in the food chain.
“The only reason this is surprising is that it contradicts what we westerners think of as food,” Hardy added. “It’s a no-brainer for Neanderthals.”
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2025/jul/25/neanderthals-feasted-maggots-science-nutrition