For centuries, the diets of our ancient ancestors have been shrouded in mystery. Recent studies have shed new light on the culinary habits of Neanderthals, revealing a surprising preference for rotting meat infested with maggots.
A pair of researchers has proposed that worm consumption was the key to high nitrogen levels found in Neanderthal bones. The larvae feeding on rotting meat significantly alter the isotopic record of those who ingested them, leading scientists to believe that this was a deliberate and strategic decision to increase protein intake during colder months.
However, not all experts are convinced. Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, a professor at the University of Alcalá, Spain, points out that the hypothesis is “highly speculative” and that there may be alternative explanations for the high nitrogen levels in Neanderthal bones.
Other research has uncovered evidence of Neanderthals’ diverse culinary practices. A study published in 2023 found that they feasted on charred seafood 90,000 years ago, while another study discovered that they gathered and ate mushrooms in the central Iberian Peninsula.
The search for a Neanderthal “food atlas” is a complex task, as many plant remains are difficult to find in archaeological sites. However, studies have revealed that these early humans likely had access to a variety of food sources, including meat, seafood, and possibly even honey.
The ability to cook played a significant role in shaping the genus Homo, with evidence suggesting that flavor optimization may have been one of the major evolutionary drivers. The discovery of Neanderthals’ unconventional cuisine offers new insights into the evolution of human taste and nutrition.
As scientists continue to unravel the mysteries of our ancient ancestors’ diets, they are uncovering a rich and complex picture of culinary practices that challenge our preconceptions about the Neanderthals’ eating habits.
Source: https://english.elpais.com/science-tech/2025-07-28/different-neanderthal-clans-had-their-signature-dishes-among-them-rotten-meat-with-maggots.html